Cryptography Quiz & Flashcards

RSA relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers, unlike AES (symmetric) and SHA-256 (hashing).

A brute force attack involves trying all possible keys, unlike the other listed attacks.

In asymmetric encryption, the private key is used for decryption, while the public key is for encryption.

Digital signatures provide authenticity and integrity, while hashing ensures data integrity only.

One-way hash functions are irreversible, unlike symmetric encryption which is reversible with a key.

A digital certificate binds a public key to an entity, unlike encryption or hashing functions.

Integrity ensures data remains unchanged during transmission, unlike confidentiality which hides data.

A nonce is used to prevent replay attacks by ensuring each operation is unique.

Hashing with salt securely stores passwords by preventing rainbow table attacks.

Perfect forward secrecy protects session keys from being compromised even if the private key is exposed in the future.

A block cipher encrypts data in fixed-size blocks, unlike stream ciphers that encrypt bit by bit.

A man-in-the-middle attack involves intercepting and potentially altering communication between parties.

A CA issues digital certificates to verify the ownership of public keys, unlike encrypting or hashing functions.

Asymmetric encryption uses both public and private keys, unlike symmetric encryption which uses a single key.

PKI stands for Public Key Infrastructure, which manages digital certificates and public-key pairs.

Stream ciphers encrypt data bit by bit, unlike block ciphers which encrypt fixed-size blocks.

A cryptographic seed initializes pseudorandom number generators for secure key generation.

ECC uses elliptic curves for encryption, unlike RSA which uses large prime numbers.

TLS secures data transmission over a network by encrypting the connection between systems.

Zero-knowledge proof allows proving knowledge without revealing the information itself.

A TPM stores cryptographic keys securely, unlike functions like encrypting or hashing data.

Symmetric encryption uses the same key for both processes, unlike asymmetric encryption.

Cryptanalysis involves analyzing cryptographic systems for weaknesses, not encrypting or hashing.

A hash function produces a fixed-size digest, unlike encryption and decryption processes.

A replay attack involves replaying a valid transmission, unlike brute-forcing or key misuse.

In blockchain, cryptography ensures transaction security and integrity, not just data encryption.

Longer keys are not always stronger; algorithm efficiency and implementation are also crucial.

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) uses elliptic curves, unlike RSA or symmetric algorithms.

The birthday paradox relates to the probability of hash collisions, which can affect hash functions.

TLS is essential for securing web transactions by encrypting data in transit.

A digital envelope protects a symmetric key using asymmetric encryption.

A side-channel attack exploits physical aspects like power or timing, unlike other listed attacks.

RSA is a form of asymmetric encryption, while AES, DES, and Blowfish are symmetric.

A cryptographic key transforms plaintext into ciphertext, unlike functions like hashing.

SHA-256 is widely used for hashing in blockchain, unlike RSA or ECC which are encryption algorithms.

Kerckhoffs's principle states that security should not depend on the secrecy of the algorithm.

Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys, unlike symmetric encryption which uses a single key.

Symmetric encryption is faster and more efficient, but requires key management.

A cryptographic salt prevents rainbow table attacks by adding randomness to password hashes.

Secure hash functions are not reversible, but they produce deterministic, fixed-size outputs and are collision-resistant.

A key derivation function derives secret keys, unlike functions that directly encrypt or hash data.

The main weakness is key distribution, as the same key must be securely shared among parties.

Hashing is used for data integrity by ensuring data has not been altered.

A padding oracle attack exploits padding errors to decrypt data encrypted with block ciphers.

TLS is used to establish a secure channel over an insecure network, unlike HTTP, FTP, or SMTP.

A digital signature provides authenticity, ensuring the message was sent by the claimed sender.

The Diffie-Hellman key exchange allows secure key exchange over an insecure channel.

RSA is commonly used for encrypting data with public keys, unlike symmetric encryption or hashing.