Musculoskeletal System Quiz & Flashcards

Osteoclasts break down bone tissue, while osteoblasts build it.

Synovial fluid lubricates joints to facilitate smooth movement.

The femur is part of the appendicular skeleton, not the axial skeleton.

Sarcomeres are the basic units of muscle contraction.

Osteoporosis involves decreased bone density, increasing fracture risk.

Ligaments connect bones to bones, while tendons connect muscles to bones.

Skeletal muscles are voluntary, while cardiac and smooth muscles are involuntary.

Calcium phosphate in the bone matrix gives bones their hardness.

Ball-and-socket joints, like the shoulder, allow extensive movement in many directions.

The medullary cavity contains bone marrow, important for blood cell production.

Elastin fibers provide elasticity, allowing cartilage to return to shape after compression.

Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscle cells, similar to hemoglobin in blood.

The cranium, or skull, encases and protects the brain.

Collagen provides flexibility and tensile strength to the bone matrix.

The elbow joint functions as a hinge, allowing flexion and extension.

Calcium ions are crucial for the contraction process in muscle fibers.

The muscular system facilitates movement and posture through contraction.

Slow-twitch fibers support sustained activities due to their resistance to fatigue.

The meniscus cushions and stabilizes the knee joint, distributing weight evenly.

The sternum is the central bone to which ribs attach at the front of the chest.

Ossification is the process of forming new bone tissue during growth and healing.

The rotator cuff muscles stabilize the shoulder, allowing a wide range of movements.

Hyaline cartilage covers the ends of long bones, providing a smooth surface for joints.

Yellow bone marrow is composed mainly of adipose tissue, storing fat.

Muscle hypertrophy increases muscle size due to the enlargement of muscle fibers.

Tendinitis is the inflammation of tendons, often due to overuse or injury.

The epiphyseal plate, or growth plate, is where bone growth in length occurs.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition affecting joint tissues.

The vertebral column protects the spinal cord and supports the body.

The hyoid bone supports the tongue and is involved in swallowing.

The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid for joint lubrication.

Sprains occur when ligaments are overstretched or torn.

The clavicle is commonly known as the collarbone.

Compact bone is dense and strong, while spongy bone is lighter with a porous structure.

The deltoid muscle abducts the shoulder, lifting the arm away from the body.

Greenstick fractures are partial fractures common in children due to more flexible bones.

Fascia surrounds muscles, providing support and separating them into compartments.

Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs and is involuntary.

Intervertebral discs absorb shock and allow flexibility in the spine.

Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, crucial for bone health.

Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursa, leading to joint pain and swelling.

Gliding joints allow bones to slide over each other, enabling limited movement.

Collagen provides strength and structure to connective tissues.

The humerus is the bone that makes up the upper arm.

The quadriceps muscle group extends the knee, straightening the leg.

The biceps brachii flexes the elbow, bringing the forearm towards the shoulder.

The diaphragm contracts to enlarge the thoracic cavity, aiding in inhalation.

The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum, forming the hip joint.

Elastin contributes to the elasticity and extensibility of muscle tissues.

Muscle strains involve stiffness and pain from overuse or injury.

The glenoid cavity of the scapula forms the socket for the humerus head.

Red bone marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells.

Scoliosis involves an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.